References

 

Arora, A., Fosfuri, A., Gambardella, A., 2001. Markets for Technology: Economics of Innovation and Corporate Strategy. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Arrow, K., 1962. Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for invention. In: Nelson, R. (Ed.), The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Barton, J., 2000. Reforming the patent system. Science 287, 1933–1934.

Bessen, J., Maskin, E., 2000. Sequential Innovation, Patents and Imitation. Working Paper 00-01, MIT Department of Economics, Cambridge, MA.

Cohen, W., Nelson, R., Walsh, J., 2000. Protecting their Intellectual Assets: Appropriability Conditions and why US Manufacturing Firms Patent or not. Discussion Paper 7552, NBER.

David, P., 1993. Intellectual Property Institutions and the Panda’ Thumb: Patents, Copyrights, and Trade Secrets in Economic Theory and History, in Global Dimensions of Intellectual Property Rights in Science. M. Wallerstein, M. Mogee, and S. R. National Academies Press (Eds.).

David, P., 2002. Does the new economy need all the old IPR institutions? Digital information goods and access to knowledge for economic development. In: Presented at Wider Conference on the New Economy in Development, Helsinki, p. 2002.

Dosi, G., 1982. Technological paradigms and technological trajectories. A suggested interpretation of the determinant and direction of technological change. Research Policy 11, 147–162.

Dosi, G., 1988. Source, procedures and microeconomic effects of innovation. Journal of Economic Literature 26, 1120–1171.

Dosi, G., 1997. Opportunities, incentives and the collective patterns of technical change. Economic Journal 107, 1530–1547.

Dosi, G., Nelson, R.,Winter, S. (Eds.), 2000. The Nature and Dynamics of Organizational Capabilities. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York.

Dosi, G., Orsenigo, L., Sylos Labini, M., 2005. Technology and the economy. In: Smelser, N., Swedberg, R. (Eds.), The Handbook of Economic Sociology. Princeton University Press, Russell Sage Foundation.

Gallini, N., 2002. The economics of patents: lessons from recent U.S. patent reform. Journal of Economic Perspectives 16, 131–154.

Grandstrand, O., 2005. Innovation and intellectual property rights. In: Fagerberg, I., Mowery, D., Nelson, R. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 266–290.

Hall, B., 2005. Exploring the patent explosion. Journal of Technology Transfer 30, 35–48.

Hall, B., Ziedonis, R., 2001. The patent paradox revisited: firm strategy and patenting in the US semiconductor industry. Rand Journal of Economics 32, 101–128.

Heller, M., 1998. The tragedy of the anticommons: property in transition from marx to markets. Harvard Law Review 111, 698–701.

Heller, M., Eisenberg, R., 1998. Can patents deter innovation? The anti-commons in biomedical research. Science 280, 698–701.

Hortsmann, I., Mac Donald, J., Slivinski, A., 1985. Patents as information transfer mechanisms: to patent or (maybe) not to patent. Journal of Political Economy 93, 837–858.

Jaffe, A., 2000. The US patent system in transition: policy innovation and the innovation process. Research Policy 29, 531–557.

Jaffe, A., Lerner, J., 2004. Innovation and its Discontents. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Klevorick, A., Levin, R., Nelson, R., Winter, S., 1995. On the sources and inter-industry differences in technological opportunities. Research Policy 24, 185–205.

Kortum, S., Lerner, J., 1998. Stronger protection or technological revolution: what is behind the recent surge in patenting? Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 48, 247–307.

Landes, D., 1969. The Unbound Prometheus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Lerner, J., 2002. 150 years of patent protection. American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 92, 221–225.

Levin, R., Klevorick, A., Nelson, R., Winter, S., 1987. Appropriating the returns from industrial R&D. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 783–820.

Machlup, F., 1958. An Economic Reviewof the Patent System. Discussion paper, U.S. Congress, Washington, DC, Government Printing Office.

Mansfield, E., 1986. Patents and innovation: an empirical study. Management Science 32, 173–181.

Mansfield, E., Schwartz, M., Wagner, S., 1981. Imitation costs and patents: an empirical study. Economic Journal 91, 907–918.

Mazzoleni R., Nelson, R., Economic Theories about the Benefits and Costs of Patents. Journal of Economic Issues, vol.32, dec.1998, pp.1031-1052

Merges, R., 1996. Contracting into liability rules: intellectual property rights and collective rights organizations. California Law Review , 1293–1386.

Merges, R., Nelson, R., 1994. On limiting or encouraging rivalry in technical progress: the effects of patent scope decisions. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 25, 1–24.

Moser, P., 2003. How do Patent Laws Influence Innovation? Evidence from Nineteenth Century World Fairs. Discussion paper, BER.

Mowery, D., Nelson, R., Sampat, B., Ziedonis, A., 2001. The Growth of Patenting and Licensing by US Universities: An Assessment of the Effects of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980. Research Policy, 30.

Pavitt, K., 1984. Sectoral patterns of innovation: toward a taxonomy and a theory. Research Policy 13, 343–373.

Scotchmer, S., 1991. Standing on the shoulders of giants: cumulative research and the patent law. Journal of Economic Perspectives 5, 29–41.

Stiglitz, J., 1994. Wither Socialism. Mit Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Teece, D., 1986. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Research Policy 15, 285–305.

Teece, D., Pisano, G., Shuen, A., 1997. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal 18, 509–533.

Teece, D., Rumelt, R., Dosi, G.,Winter, S., 1990. Understanding corporate coherence: theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 23, 1–30.

Tirole, J., 2002. Protection de la propri΄et΄e intellectuelle: une introductionet quelques pistes de reflexion. Discussion Paper, Conseil d’Analyse Economique, Paris.

Winter, S., 1982. An essay on the theory of production. In: Hymans, H. (Ed.), Economics and the World around it. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, pp. 55–93.

Winter, S., 1987. Knowledge and competences as strategic assets. In: Teece, D. (Ed.), The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal. Harper and RowBallinger Div.,New York.

Winter, S., 1993. Patents and welfare in an evolutionary model. Industrial and Corporate Change 2, 211–231.

Winter, S., 2002. A View of the Patent Paradox. Slides from a presentation at LBS, May 20 2002.

Ziedonis, R., 2003. Don’t Fence Me In: Fragmented Markets for Technology and the Patent Acquisition Strategies of Firms. Forthcoming Management Science.